"The Innovator attacks traditional values (the Tao) in defense of what he first supposes to be (in some special way) 'rational' or 'biological' values. But as we have seen, all the values he uses in attacking the Tao, and even claims to be substituting for it, are themselves derived from the Tao" (Lewis 41)

"If it [the Tao] is rejected, all value is rejected. If value is retained, it is retained" (43)

At the start of his argument, Lewis states how being a selfless person does not come instinctivly to a person. A person will always think of how they could benefit as a reaction to a situation. People will never think of an opportunity to help others and not themselves because that is just human nature. Lewis also states in his argument that traditional values and moral judgements come from the Tao. He says that if you reject the Tao, you are rejecting all values. Lewis' critics reject the Tao which means that they have no basis for their arguments.